Monthly Archives: March 2014

Traditions Matter

newroz3If you think your spring traditions go back a few generations, or even to the birth of your nation, consider Newroz (New Day), one of the oldest celebrations in history. It all began in an unlikely place, and remains to this day an occasion celebrated by millions with joyful anticipation. Every once in a while, it is good to pause and celebrate that which can teach us all something, and learn that balance comes from understanding more about cultures before passing judgements.

It all began back in 612 BC. Kawe, a Kurdish blacksmith, decided he was fed up with the tyranny of Zehak, an evil king who represented cruelty, abuse, injustice and enslavement of the people. On March 21st, Kawe led a popular uprising and surrounded Zehak’s Palace. After rushing past the palace guards, Kawe succeeded in finding Zehak, grabbed him around the neck and hit him over the head with a hammer. After dragging the defeated king off his throne, Kawe declared freedom throughout the land and ordered fires to be set on the tops of the mountains to let all the people know and to offer thanks to God for helping free the people from Zehak.

newroz1“This is where the tradition of Newroz fire festival originates. Today, Newroz is not just a day for remembering, it is also a day for protest and resistance against oppression, injustice, backwardness and barbarity…,” writes Dr. Afrasiab Shekofteh. “Newroz also signifies the celebrations of Spring and natural outgrowth of the earth rhythms. In most of the Silk Road countries, Newroz announces the joyful awakening of the agricultural cycle of cultivating, planting and harvesting.”

There are many traditions surrounding the celebration of Newroz; from a table set with mirrors, candles, a vase with red fish swimming around, incense, and a sacred book; to the giving of spring flowers. It inspires one to look within as well as around in the advent of spring. For the 13 days following Newroz, it is said that the next year will be determined by what is done during this window of time. Many people reconcile differences with others, reunite with friends and extend forgiveness to others. While traditional spring house cleaning is done in their homes, they clean old grudges from within.newroz2

Perhaps you are wondering why this should all matter. A Kurdish holiday from 612 BC being discussed in 2014 might seem “antiquated” to you. What is important here is to note that during our discussion of the Kurdish people, we have pointed out that these 30-35 million people are the largest ethnic population in the world with no country. They were oppressed in 612 BC; they are even more oppressed now. From the Anfal campaigns to the Syrian crisis and involving turmoil in Turkey, Iraq and Iran – the Kurdish people have struggled through oppression and persecutions for centuries.

Yet these people celebrate life. They sing, they dance, they honor their past and long for a peaceful future. They dream of a life where they can speak their own language and live in peace with their neighbors. It doesn’t seem that they are asking that much, does it?

What preconceived prejudices and grudges can you discard this spring?

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Oil’s Well That Ends Well?

Image via Facebook

Image via Facebook

In yesterday’s post, I talked about a Canadian company attempting to use northern Minnesota to generate a profit for their shareholders while avoiding responsibility for the environmental havoc they’d create while doing so. Today, we’ll discuss another Canadian company that’s trying the same thing.

Enbridge Energy’s been in the news quite a bit recently due to numerous pipeline spills and railway accidents. Enbridge’s northern US office is in the Twin Ports area (Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin), and employs 750 people (between employees and contractors) in the area. Superior is a hub for existing pipelines that cross northern Minnesota and pipelines that go to refineries in the Midwest and South.

Enbridge is currently proposing four projects in the area:

  • The all-new $2.6 billion Sandpiper pipeline from western North Dakota to Superior, part of it along new routes from past lines, mostly to handle oil from the Bakken oil fields. The company needs state approval for the project.
  • A $7 billion replacement of Enbridge’s old Line No. 3 to nearly double the capacity of oil shipped from northwestern Canada to Superior by replacing an old line with a new line. The route is yet to be determined. Since it replaces an existing pipeline, Federal approval may not be necessary, but Enbridge says it will seek approval from the state of Minnesota.
  • The Alberta Clipper expansion project to increase the amount of oil flowing on the existing pipeline by 40 percent to 800,000 barrels (33.6 million gallons) of oil each day. This pipeline (also known as Line 67) runs 1000 miles from Canada to Superior, where it connects with other pipelines. The current pipeline was finished in 2010; the cost was $1.2 billion.
  • Construction of oil storage tanks in Superior.

CNRL Horizon processing plant in the Athabasca Oil Sands of Alberta, Canada. Burn from the 2011 Richardson Fire visible in foreground. Photo by The Interior (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons

CNRL Horizon processing plant in the Athabasca Oil Sands of Alberta, Canada. Burn from the 2011 Richardson Fire visible in foreground. Photo by The Interior (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons

Both the Line 3 and Alberta Clipper pipelines would carry the same tar sands oil as the Keystone XL proposal. And, like the oil that would be carried along Keystone XL, the oil would go to refineries along the Gulf of Mexico, and from there to the export market. Furthermore, as with Keystone XL, the jobs created for the project would be short term and the oil wouldn’t be used domestically; in fact, the price for domestic oil and gasoline would more than likely go up due to the reduced refinery capacity. Then, there’s the environmental issues.

In the first two years of the first phase of TransCanada’s Keystone XL project, there were 14 leaks. And, from 1999-2010, Enbridge had 804 spills along its pipeline network. This isn’t the kind of record that instills confidence in the companies involved, especially when you’re dealing with the pipeline running over aquifers in the case of Keystone, and through national forest and public lands in the case of the Enbridge projects.

The mayors of Duluth and Superior support the Enbridge project. Mayor Don Ness of Duluth said “In my mind, pipelines are the most responsible and safest way to transport oil. We are seeing the problems associated with moving crude by truck and rail — transporting by pipeline reduces the energy consumption and risk of accident to transport. Our decision is not whether crude will come from Canada or North Dakota, the question is whether it’s coming on rail or pipeline. In my mind, pipeline transport is the much better option.”

When it was pointed out to him that he was the author of a 2001 resolution calling for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and how the pipeline would significantly increase those emissions as well as be hazardous to the environment through spillage, he replied  “The pipeline makes no impact on the carbon consumption in the city of Duluth, I understand the leap of logic, but there’s not a real connection there.”

Why the apparent disconnect between his stance in 2001 and his stance today? Maybe it’s because the Enbridge projects are estimated to cost over $10 billion, with a fair amount of this being spent in the Twin Ports area. However, one has to ask if the economic boom will be worth the cost to the environment. The pipelines will leak if Enbridge’s record is the standard, and the long term effects on the environment of extracting, transporting and using the high carbon tar sands oil are very likely to be devastating on a global scale.

There’s still time to make our concerns known, though. The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission hosts a final meeting April 3 in St. Paul. The public comment period for the proposed pipeline expansion closes on April 14.

For more information about tar sands in general, we invite you to read TransCanada: Go Pound Tar Sand.

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What Could Possibly Go Wrong?

On March 17th, HF 3094 was introduced in the Minnesota House of Representatives. This bill, like others recently introduced in various state legislatures, calls for nullification of various Federal statutes; in this case EPA regulations. Nullification in general is a topic we’ll cover in the near future; in this post, we’ll cover why certain representatives are pushing such a move, and why what’s behind it is a bad deal for the citizens of Minnesota.

Meet PolyMet

PolyMet is a Canadian company with its headquarters in Toronto and its operating offices in Minnesota (St. Paul). The company owns the mining rights to the NorthMet deposit of the Mesabi range, which was formerly the main source of iron ore for the US if not the world. However, we aren’t talking iron mining here (the high grade iron ore was mined out long ago); PolyMet (a company with zero mining experience) wants to mine an area that hasn’t been mined before, by extracting copper, nickel and other metals from sulfide ore. PolyMet’s main financial backer is a Anglo-Swiss multinational commodity brokerage company named Glencore Xstrata.

Meet Glencore Xstrata

Glencore’s the largest such company in the world; the only comparable predecessor in size and scope would be Enron. They’ve been cited for numerous environmental and human rights violations over the years, and the founder (Marc Rich) was on the FBI’s 10 most wanted list for fleeing the country in 1983 over insider trading, tax evasion, wire fraud and dealing in embargoed Iranian oil.  He was pardoned by Bill Clinton at the end of Clinton’s second term. A fun fact- Eric Holder as deputy AG was instrumental in getting Clinton to pardon Rich. Bill Clinton’s gone on record on numerous occasions apologizing for Rich’s pardon.

Currently, the chairman of Glencore’s board of directors is a man named Tony Hayward. Tony’s name should be familiar to you; he was the CEO of BP during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico; the man who infamously stated that he “would like his life back” while his company’s oil rig was spilling oil in the greatest environmental catastrophe to ever happen in the Gulf. With him in charge, what could possibly go wrong?

What’s sulfide mining?

Simply put, sulfide mining is extracting metals (in this case, mainly copper and nickel) from sulfide-rich ore. Sounds fairly innocuous, right? What could possibly go wrong?

Acid Mine Drainage Photo by Carol Stoker, NASA Ames Research Center

Acid Mine Drainage
Photo by Carol Stoker, NASA Ames Research Center

The main problem with sulfide mining is simple chemistry – water plus oxygen plus sulfur gives you sulfuric acid. Yes, you extract the metals you’re looking for, but you also leave behind large scrap piles known as tailings which, when left to react with normal weather, will create acid runoff. And, considering PolyMet’s talking about processing anywhere from 32,000 to 100,000 tons of ore per day, that’s a lot of tailings.

PolyMet will be using the Erie Plant for its processing, which is a former taconite processing plant. The ore will come via rail through public lands – the Superior National Forest. With the safety record of mining and oil companies when it comes to transporting materials and products via rail, once again, what could possibly go wrong?

PolyMet’s also proposed to exchange land with the US Forest Service – 6,550 acres of the forest to use as a copper-nickel sulfide strip mine. By putting this land under private control instead of public control, PolyMet could bypass such pesky environmental laws as the Weeks Act, the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act.

Either way, there would be an issue with acid mine drainage (AMD). And, this in turn would affect the St. Louis River and Lake Superior. AMD is a very long term problem; the effects have been projected to last anywhere from 2,500 to over 10,000 years. And, the Great Lakes contain 18% of the world’s freshwater– there wouldn’t be any way to restrict the AMD to Lake Superior alone.

So why the nullification push?

A simple answer- jobs. The main industries in northern Minnesota used to be mining and logging. With the iron mines exhausted for the most part and most of the remaining forests public land, the main industry’s been tourism. And, with the recession and recovery, tourism hasn’t been exactly booming; it’s hard to justify a vacation if it will cut into what you need to survive.

However, as usual with these projects, the majority of jobs would be short term, with only a few permanent jobs with a long duration.  And, the mine’s estimated to have a twenty year life; the cleanup afterward is expected to take anywhere from 200 to 500 years. Is the long term cost worth the short term gain? We think it isn’t.

The first EPA review of the PolyMet plan (2010) earned PolyMet the lowest ranking: Environmentally Unsatisfactory-Inadequate. Among the reasons given for the ranking were missing information, failure to address pollution problems, structural issues, and lack of financial assurance analysis. The state said in February that they needed to redo a big part of their study because many of the assumptions used to calculate the impact were based on flawed data.  The EPA released a more favorable report last month, but the time set aside for public comment generated a previously unknown amount of emails, etc. to the state – over 50,000 that need to be reviewed before anything moves forward.

Hence, the nullification attempt. If PolyMet, Glencore and their lobbyists can get the nullification of EPA regulations passed through the state government, they’re free to poison our waters and forests for generations to come for the benefit of their stockholders.

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Victims Don’t Get Plea Bargains!

Photo courtesy of US Army

Brig. Gen. Jeffrey Sinclair. Photo courtesy of US Army

Brig. Gen. Jeffrey Sinclair has reached a plea bargain deal with prosecutors, meaning the sexual assault charges against him have been dropped in exchange for pleading guilty to lessor charges. The result will mean he does not have to register as a sex offender and he is still able to retire with benefits from the military.

Sinclair, 51 and the former deputy commander of the 82nd Airborne Division, was accused of twice forcing a female captain to perform oral sex on him in Afghanistan in 2011 during a three-year extramarital affair. He is also accused of possessing pornographic material in a field of combat, considered an action against the military code of conduct. Sinclair is believed to be the highest-ranking U.S. military officer court-martialed on sexual assault charges.

The case is examined in detail in a report from Daily Mail Reporter on March 17. He has agreed to plead guilty to charges of disobeying orders, misuse of a credit card and causing “emotional duress” to his victims.

When do the victims of rape and sexual assault get to plea bargain? What kind of “deal” do they get to help them live out their days with the ramifications of the crime which has been committed? Assuming most victims will live through their nightmares, what plea bargains do families get for those who are murdered?

Meet LaVena Johnson.

Photo courtesy of the family of LaVena Johnson

Photo courtesy of the family of LaVena Johnson

On July 18, 2005, LaVena became the first woman soldier to die while serving in Iraq or Afghanistan.

The army classified LaVena’s death as a suicide. Somehow, prior to committing “suicide”, the army claims LaVena managed to beat herself enough to bruise her upper torso, leaving bite marks in various places, and breaking her nose and neck. She also, according to the army reports, poured a caustic chemical over her genital area, glued her white dress gloves to her badly burned hands, and fired a M16 into her mouth. She left a trail of blood on the ground as she dragged herself into the tent of a contractor to commit this “suicide” and set the tent on fire as well, the army claims in the autopsy reports that LaVena’s family was able to attain only through Freedom of Information requests.

Despite exhuming their daughter’s body and having independent investigations reveal that LaVena was killed by a 9mm shot to the side of her head, the evidence of rape and the clear evidence that the reports include that directly contradict the final determination of suicide, the army refuses to recognize her death as anything BUT a suicide.

No ongoing investigation in the army exists and no one has been brought to justice for the murder of this young woman who was serving her country at the time of her death.

When you consider both these cases, the obvious truth is also the most shameful one. There is no indication the military has any intention of changing how they deal with the rape and sexual assault crimes that are taking place. Their continued protection of the rights of the perpetrators over that of the victims speaks to a contribution toward rape culture, not toward discipline within the ranks.

Shouldn’t “plea bargains” have to be acceptable to the VICTIM of the crime, not to those trying to cover a crime up? Shouldn’t victims’ voices be the FIRST consideration, not an afterthought? How do we expect things to get better if we allow them to stay the same?

Occupy World Writes joins all those who have called for an end to allowing protections and decisions from superior officers that are, often times, perpetrators themselves. Rape and sexual assault have no place in the military and those who commit these offenses are not worthy to wear the uniform of the Armed Services. LaVena Johnson believed our nation was worth serving. Doesn’t that mean she is worth protecting?

You can sign the Change.org petition asking the Army to reopen the investigation regarding LaVena Johnson here:  http://www.change.org/petitions/it-s-time-to-act-now-claim-justice-for-pfc-lavena-johnson

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TransCanada: Go Pound Tar Sand

Photo collage by Jungbim (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons

Photo collage by Jungbim (Own work) [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0) or FAL], via Wikimedia Commons

Now that the time period for public comment has past, we thought we’d take a look at the multinational company, TransCanada, to get an idea of what we can expect should the Keystone XL project be approved.

We were not impressed.

TransCanada reported 2013 net income at $1.7 billion USD, with total assets of $54 billion, and capital expenditures and investments were reported at $5 billion.

Keystone XL is the last leg of the planned projects to move tar sands oil to the coast for shipment to world markets after refinement. The southern leg, called the Gulf Coast Project, was completed and began flowing with Canadian tar sands diluted bitumen even before the inspection process was completed and approved. “Anomalies” (factually known as defects in construction or material) on this portion of the pipeline were not repaired before TransCanada started the flow. The Gulf Coast portion runs from Cushing, OK to Port Arthur, Texas.

The Gulf Coast portion of TransCanada’s pipeline was built by breaking laws and regulations. When an injunction to halt the progress until concerns could be addressed was filed, it was rejected and the courts ruled that “the threatened environmental injuries were outweighed by the financial harm that the injunction would cause Transcanada,” according to a report from Common Dreams by Steve Horn, in October of 2013. It should be noted that two of the three judges making this ruling were appointed by George H. Bush and George W. Bush during their presidential terms.

Also at issue is the methods by which TransCanada gains cooperation and tromps all over any regulations and permit processes. And they don’t have to look far to find willing regulators; “The Corps is abusing the nationwide permit program (NWP 12). Nationwide permits were intended to permit categories of projects with truly minimal impacts, not tar sands oil pipelines crossing several states,” said attorney Doug Hayes.

Horn’s report continues, “Utilizing tricky legal loopholes, Transcanada used NWP 12 to push through Keystone XL’s southern half in February 2012, calling each half acre segment of Keystone XL’s southern half a “single and complete project.” The Army Corps of Engineers agreed despite the fact that Transcanada refers to the pipeline at-large as the “Gulf Coast Pipeline project.”

A pipeline waterway crossing. Photo by Hillebrand Steve, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

A pipeline waterway crossing. Photo by Hillebrand Steve, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

“What the Corps is doing is artificially dividing up these massive pipelines, treating them as thousands of individual projects to avoid environmental review,” Hayes explained. “In this case, there were 2,227 crossings of federal waterways, so the Corps has treated the Gulf Coast Pipeline as 2,227 ‘single and complete projects,’ each of which qualifies under NWP 12.”

(There is) “real and significant harm caused by the actual construction of the pipeline, including the clearing of trees and vegetation, removing topsoil, filling wetlands, building access roads, and clearing an eighty-five foot construction right-of-way for the length of the pipeline.”  But the main legal question – whether TransCanada violated the law by using NWP instead of NEPA for regulation of the Gulf Coast Project’s construction – remains unaddressed to this day.

Also in contention is the question of how TransCanada, an international Canadian-based company, was able to use “eminent domain” laws to force unwilling landowners to give them access to building the pipeline through the state of Nebraska. At issue here are 5th Amendment rights; “public use” requires that the property taken be used to benefit the public rather than specific individuals. If SCOTUS has determined that corporations are “individuals,” then we argue this negates any benefits from “public use” and advantages gained through use of eminent domain laws. The “public” does not benefit, only the corporation and its shareholders. The majority of Americans object to this project, and no one will benefit; rather we will all pay a very high cost overall if this project is approved.

But that is just the beginning of the problems we found when looking at TransCanada’s inability to play well with others and their propensity to run with scissors.

And Look! No Emmissions! Photo by eryn.rickard (Flickr: Oilsands1) [CC-BY-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

And Look! No Emissions! Photo by eryn.rickard (Flickr: Oilsands1) [CC-BY-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

While Mayflower, AR continues to grapple with the aftermath of a pipeline leak in their community, and we have seen two explosions of pipelines within two years of their construction and being brought online, we must also examine some of the other major concerns TransCanda presents, as well as debunk the myths they continue to put forth.

In a report from CBC News – Edmunton, TransCanada has been accused of non-compliance with pipeline engineering code by Evan Vokes, a former engineer with the company who said the company was using substandard pipeline welding and inspection practices. The National Energy Board released its final audit for the company’s pipelines integrity program recently, which validated many of Vokes’ complaints from 2011. Vokes has been terminated by TransCanada, a decision made in retaliation for his whistle blowing. “Nobody stood up,” Vokes said. “Professional engineers have a duty of care to society. People should have stood up.”

But wait – there is still more headlines the US corporate media does not want you to see (remember who corporate partners are…):

CNRL Horizon processing plant in the Athabasca Oil Sands of Alberta, Canada. Burn from the 2011 Richardson Fire visible in foreground. Photo by The Interior (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons

CNRL Horizon processing plant in the Athabasca Oil Sands of Alberta, Canada. Burn from the 2011 Richardson Fire visible in foreground. Photo by The Interior (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons

ST. PIERRE-JOLYS, Manitoba, Canada,  January 27, 2014 (ENS) – A TransCanada natural gas pipeline ruptured and exploded early Saturday morning in an isolated area near the town of Otterburne, 25 kilometers (15 miles) south of Winnipeg. The pre-dawn pipeline break and resulting explosion sent a massive fireball into the night sky.
TransCanada investigates natural gas pipeline leak in northern Alberta, Service on a natural gas pipeline that feeds oilsands producers in northern Alberta has been mostly restored after being disrupted by a leak. “TransCanada has confirmed that its response personnel successfully isolated the pipeline break section that occurred… on our North Central Corridor system, and has now resumed delivery of natural gas to most of its industrial customers in the area,” said spokesman Shawn Howard. The cause of the leak was still undetermined at the time operation resumed.
Expect More Unreported Pipeline Leaks: “TransCanada said it will refuse using state-of-the-art detection equipment on the Keystone XL pipeline”: Companies, like TransCanada, can easily afford the extra expense of better detection equipment, but they would rather save money, “fearing higher costs and false alarms.” TransCanada said it will refuse using state-of-the-art detection equipment on the Keystone XL pipeline.
It’s Crazy To Think Keystone XL Won’t Leak Forbes magazine article leaks the truth; “With over 16,000 sensors tied to automatic shut-offs, the proposed Keystone XL Pipeline (as in Xtra-Large) is not your father’s pipeline. However, it’s still a pipeline, and the long history of ruptures, leaks, spills and other “incidents” call attention to the problems that face all pipelines in America. We just don’t maintain them like we should.”

We think you are getting the picture here. But if you think there is nothing more we can do, let us introduce you to Bold Nebraska, an organization that unites people and provides resources and facts regarding the Keystone XL pipeline as it crosses Nebraska. Along with information on actions and resources that are fighting the approval of this project, they include a wealth of information regarding Transcanada’s performance and record of “good intention” of operating with safety and enivironmental issues as a priority. Included in their remarks is, “TransCanada’s first pipeline leaked 14 times in 12 months. The worst spill was over 21,000 gallons of tar sands oil and toxic chemicals that happened in North Dakota. TransCanada’s leak detection system did not work because when a landowner called to report the spill the operator thought he was joking.”

Coming Soon: Learn more about the Harper Administration’s policy toward First Nations peoples as the government continues plans to develop traditional aboriginal lands despite opposition and with total disregard for native rights.

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International Day Against the Use of Chemical Weapons

Black Friday.

“Halabja, standing against oppression.
Joy and happiness permeated the air in Halabja.
Smiles never faded from the lips of the ever oppressed people of this town.
The Iraqi fighter planes carried out the chemical bombing of Halabja,
and some hours later the news came that Khormal, too, had suffered chemical bombing.
The sound of laughter died down.
Children sought the shelter of their mothers’ arms.
March 16, was the beginning of the great crime of history.
On Thursday March 17, 1988, and on Friday March 18, there took place one of
the most shameful and fearful inhumane crimes of history in Halabja. The town of
Halabja was bombed with chemical and cluster bombs more than twenty times
by Iraqi fighter planes.
In every street and alley women and children rolled over one another.
The sound of crying and groans rose from every house in the town.
Many families who were sleeping happily in their beds in their liberated town,
were subjected before sunrise to chemical bombing,
and poisonous gases did not even allow them to rise from their beds.
Such was the situation on the bloody Friday of Halabja.”
from Kurdistan Democratic Party – Iraq

Exhumed Shoes of Child Victim of Anfal Genocide - 3rd International Conference on Mass Graves in Iraq - Erbil - Iraq. Photo by Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Exhumed Shoes of Child Victim of Anfal Genocide – 3rd International Conference on Mass Graves in Iraq – Erbil – Iraq. Photo by Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

March 16, 1988:  A chemical weapon attack on the civilian population of Halabja killed an estimated 5,000 persons immediately and injured another 7,000 – 10,000. In the aftermath of the attack, thousands more died of complications, disease and birth defects.  The attack was and remains today the largest chemical weapons attack against a civilian population in human history.

According to an account in KurdishPain.com, written by Huner Anwer, “The gas attack took place over a period of approximately five hours.  The attack was preceded by the dropping of conventional weapons and by the dropping of paper in order to determine the direction of the wind.  The dropping of the conventional weapons led the citizens of Halabja to retreat to basements and shelters for protection which made the gas more effective as it settled into low lying areas.”

Photo by Zaxo (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Halabja before the attack. Photo by Zaxo (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

“Survivors spoke most often of the gas smelling like sweet apples, but others said it was more like garlic and still some others like the gas used in a kitchen stove. This suggests multiple chemicals were used, including mustard gas, the nerve agents sarin, tabun and VX. Some victims died almost immediately, others were laughing as they died; still others experienced intense burning, blistering and vomiting,” Anwer writes.

 

Topographical map of Kurdistan - Iraq. Halabja is on the far right, in the mountainous region. Note location in area to trap the chemicals used. Public Domain via Wikimedia.

Topographical map of Kurdistan – Iraq. Halabja is on the far right, in the mountainous region. Note location in area to trap the chemicals used. Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.

The poison gas attack on Halabja was just part of what has become known as the Anfal Campaign. It began unofficially in 1986 and continued until 1989: officially it was conducted between February 23 and September 6, 1988. It was led by a cousin of Saddam Hussein, Ali Hassan al-Majid, who became known as “Chemical Ali” as a result of the atrocities. The Campaign consisted of:

  • the mass executions and the mass disappearance of tens of thousands of persons;
  • the widespread use of chemical weapons;
  • the destruction of over 4,500 Kurdish and at least 31 Assyrian villages;
  • the death of over 182,000 persons;
  • the displacement of over a million of the country’s estimated 3.5 million Kurdish population.

“(There is legal and convincing proof that) the Kurdish population meets the requirement under the Genocide Conventions as an ethnic group. The court has no other conclusion than that these attacks were committed with the intent to destroy the Kurdish population of Iraq,”  declared The Hague in a court ruling from December of 2005.

Bakhtiar Awmar points to grave where his father, mother and sister are buried - victims of the 1988 Chemical Attack - Halabja, Kurdistan - Iraq. Photo By Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Bakhtiar Awmar points to grave where his father, mother and sister are buried – victims of the 1988 Chemical Attack – Halabja, Kurdistan – Iraq. Photo By Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

We have talked about this issue in a previous story, Honor and Dignity. The struggles of the Iraqi Kurdish population, like that of all Kurds living in the region, continues to this day. Finding a solution rather than a continued assault on what has become recognized as the largest ethnic group on Planet Earth with no borders, no home, no country and no rights becomes the DUTY of the world. Current estimates place the Kurdish population at 30 – 35 million people.

Since this tragedy, the world has continued to witness the use of chemical weapons to exterminate populations. March 14, 2014 marks the 3rd anniversary of the Syrian crisis, also involving the use of chemical weapons against Kurdish and other populations. These attacks are carried out by government forces. The Ghouta chemical attack occurred on August 21, 2013, during the Syrian civil war, when several opposition-controlled or disputed areas of the Ghouta suburbs around Damascus were struck by rockets containing sarin. Hundreds were killed in the attack, which took place over a short span of time in the early morning. Estimates of the death toll are upwards of 1,729 fatalities.

We wanted to construct a list of genocides since 1988 to demonstrate that no resolution has come. When researching the genocides across the globe that have occurred since this event, we were overwhelmed with the list. Rather than diminish any of these tragedies, we found this summary, which also includes genocides from 1945 forward. World Genocide Since 1945 {PDF}

Genocide is the worst dimension of despicable behavior the human race can sink to. It has no justification in ethics, morals, religions, war, terror or policies. Occupy World Writes joins all those who call for an end to this crime against humanity, and we support a resolution marking this day as International Day Against the Use of Chemical Weapons, so that the world never forgets the injustices that have been administered on innocent victims and brings honor to the victims of Halabja.

Exhumed Clothing of Victims of Anfal Genocide - 3rd International Conference on Mass Graves in Iraq - Erbil - Iraq. Photo by Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Exhumed Clothing of Victims of Anfal Genocide – 3rd International Conference on Mass Graves in Iraq – Erbil – Iraq. Photo by Adam Jones, Ph.D. (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

We call on the international community to recognize the need for an immediate solution to “the Kurdish Problem.” This would help alleviate pressures in Syria, called Rojava by the Kurdish people, or Western Kurdistan,  Northern Kurdistan, the Kurdish area in Turkey; Southern Kurdistan, the Kurdish area in Iraq; and Eastern Kurdistan, the Kurdish area in Iran. We implore the world to find a means to an end of genocide the world over immediately, and those responsible must be brought to justice.

For a completely separate perspective on Iraqi children suffering to this day from the Bush Administration’s policy of “Mission Accomplished,” read Weapons of Mass Destruction.

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International Day Against Police Brutality

Toronto police during G20 protest 2011. Photo courtesy Police Brutality Info (www.policebrutality.info)

Toronto police during G20 protest 2011. Photo courtesy Police Brutality Info (www.policebrutality.info)

If there is any city that has perfected the International Day Against Police Brutality, it would be Montreal, Canada. Since 1997, the annual event has resulted in mass arrest.

What began as an initiative of the Montreal based Collective Opposed to Police Brutality and the Black Flag group in Switzerland has become a celebration in and of itself. Last year’s event resulted in more than 200 people being detained and given $637 in fines (each) for violating municipal bylaws and 12 others were arrested for criminal acts. The first arrest was made before the march even began.

Montreal police use the same tactics as any other militarized police force; cordoning, kettling, tear gas, water cannons, shield pushing, wedging and baton attacks, to name only a few. They also open the event up to surrounding police forces to come for training and support. In 2013, they added a high-tech command center to their arsenal to help their efforts.

Their efforts have paid off. Montreal now attracts people from across the country that take part. Students are not the only participants, and some come to view the events from a tourist perspective, watching from hotel windows as events unfold in the streets below them.

The event has spread to other cities in Canada as well as world-wide. In the United States, the focus is on October 22 (O22), known as National Anti Police Brutality Day.

Israeli police pepper spray injured Palestinian protester. Photo courtesy Police Brutality Info (www.policebrutality.info)

Israeli police pepper spray injured Palestinian protester. Photo courtesy Police Brutality Info (www.policebrutality.info)

While Montreal and other cities experiences their marches, rallies and arrests, let us be reminded of what this day represents. Perhaps you remember the scene from UC Davis, of seated students being pepper sprayed by an officer (who ended up being awarded $38,000 by the courts for HIS emotional duress); Oakland Occupy encampment brutalities; state troopers who pull over women and rape them; SWAT teams breaking into homes and shooting to kill – only to discover they have the wrong address; numerous examples from America exist.

This is nothing when compared to experiences in other countries. Police are supposed to protect the people. What they actually do is protect the state and the property of the corporations and top income holders. They prevent people from exercising their rights to assembly, rights to language and cultural heritages, rights to redress their grievances to their governments, and rights to be treated with respect, dignity and humanity.

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Martyr For Democracy

Berkin Elvan. Photo courtesy Facebook.

Berkin Elvan. Photo courtesy Facebook.

15 year-old Berkin Elvan was struck with a tear gas canister last June in Istanbul’s uprising at Gezi Park. He had gone out to buy bread for his family and was not part of the demonstrations, but became an innocent victim through the indiscriminate activities of the riot police. After nine months in a coma and 5 operations to save his life, Berkin died on Tuesday. His death and funeral sparked a resurgence of the demonstrations throughout Turkey.

The agony of grief shows in the face of Berkin Elvan's mother as his casket begins its journey through the streets of Istanbul. Photo courtesy Ozann Kosee via Twitter.

The agony of grief shows in the face of Berkin Elvan’s mother as his coffin begins its journey through the streets of Istanbul. Photo courtesy Ozann Kosee via Twitter.

President Abdullah Gul, along with other public figures, issued messages of condolence to the family of Berkin Elvan, while Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan stepped up his rhetoric, condemning the protestors and instructing riot police to fire water cannon, tear gas and rubber pellets on crowds in efforts to stop tens of thousands of protesters reaching Taksim Square in Istanbul.

Erdogan came to power 11 years ago, winning  elections after promising liberal reforms and a secular government that would help position Turkey on the world stage and possibly bring about entering the EU. He has succumbed more and more to pressures from religious leaders in his government, causing loss of support and contributing to the recent uprisings. He now faces local elections on March 30 with presidential elections scheduled for August. “The prime minister has vowed to step down if the AKP, in power since 2002, loses the March 30 elections, seen as a test of his popularity after last year’s unrest and an ongoing graft probe that has ensnared key AKP allies,” reports Dilay Gundogan in an AFP article.

Erdogan insists that the ruling Justice and Development Party will win in the municipal elections and has called on the opposition leaders to resign in the case of defeat after the March 30 vote. Earlier, he announced his readiness to quit politics if the ruling party does not win the municipal elections.

Ballot boxes are only as trustworthy as the process by which they are utilized. Judging by Erdogan’s declarations and views on democracy, we hesitate to place confidence in them.

Thousands gather as they carry the coffin of Berkin Elvan during his funeral in Turkey. Photo courtesy Ozann Kosee via Twitter.

Thousands gather as they carry the coffin of Berkin Elvan during his funeral in Turkey. Photo courtesy Ozann Kosee via Twitter.

Erdogan believes “democracy” would consist of a country that has limited, if any, internet access, outlawing YouTube and Facebook as well as other forms of social media, complete control of the press, and continuation of policies that pit Turkish populations against their Kurdish neighbors. In his world, “democracy” includes the persecution and systematic annihilation of an entire ethnic group living in his country. His future includes “democracy” as shown by letting the government do as they please, and the people are not allowed redress – not even assembly at parks and for national events. In his visions, “democracy” is alive when riot police attack mourners of a 15 year old boy who died through the actions of his orders.

What the Prime Minister does not seem to understand about democracy is that it speaks for itself. It does not need a government to unite neighbors when their last remaining park is threatened by development. Democracy is seen by looking at the millennial generation of young people in Turkey and Northern Kurdistan able to talk, communicate and share common goals and interests. Erdogan will be defeated by the death of Berkin Elvin and the dreams he represents for a people who now speak with their own united voice.

Occupy World Writes extends our deepest and most sincere sympathy to Berkin’s family. May his face be remembered as people unite for an election that gives them the power to choose true democracy versus Erdogan’s version.

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When Students Learn Too Much

By U.S. Air Force photo illustration by Airman 1st Class Kenna Jackson [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

By U.S. Air Force photo illustration by Airman 1st Class Kenna Jackson [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Like many high schools across our nation, Fond Du Lac, Wisconsin, offers their journalism students the student-run newspaper to publish their articles and experience the world of reporting. Cardinal Columns is extremely well written, edited and published while the school administration, as well as the student body at large, should be proud of the accomplishments of their talented students.

The February issue of Cardinal Columns included a 6-page feature story by its editor-in-chief, Tanvi Kumar, titled “The Rape Joke: Surviving Rape in a Culture That Won’t Let You.” An extremely well-written piece, Kumar drew from the experiences of three Fond Du Lac high school students, “Sarah,” “Emily” and “Mary,” who recount what life is like in the culture of their high school student body. As survivors of rape and sexual assault, all three victims tell harrowing stories of the “Joke” that is commonly made of rape victims and the persistent propensity to blame the victims for the crimes of their perpetrators.

The article concludes with this remarkable paragraph: “Only 46% of surveyed students believe that sexual abuse or harassment is an issue at Fond Du Lac High School, but 80% of them have heard a rape joke in the past month. That’s the rape joke. One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually assaulted before their eighteenth birthday. That’s the rape joke. 60% of sexual assaults are never reported to the police, and 97% of rapists will never spend a day in jail. That’s the rape joke… By the time you will have finished reading this, 11 people will have been sexually assaulted. That’s the rape joke. Now ask yourself– did you laugh?”

Image courtesy of Ms. Foundation for Women

Image courtesy of Ms. Foundation for Women

The school administration did not think much of the story. They have seized control of the student newspaper and will now decide what stories the students can write through new “guidelines.” Every single article must be approved by the principle before print or on-line publication, and only the superintendent can over ride his decision.

Raw Story reports “Under the new guidelines, the school district — as represented by Principal Jon Wiltzius — will determine what the students can write about. “The newspaper, Cardinal Columns, is a publication of Fond Du Lac High School so there is the ability for the principal or the advisor or the superintendent to oversee any of these publications,” he told WBAY,” a local news agency.

Public outrage has resulted in a petition on Change.org, demanding the school reverse their decision and allow the students to continue their work as before this article ran. We support this petition and encourage others to sign it.

At no time in the past can we find record of the school having exercised their editorial control over the student-run publication. It is only this story that has upset their “balance,” and in our opinion, helps embed rape culture rather than expose and eliminate it from the hallways of the high school they are responsible for. One must ask who is in need of protection in order to make such an arbitrary decision, and why their protection of their female students is not a higher priority.

Occupy World Writes supports the students at Fond Du Lac High School and all student journalists who report on real issues within their schools. We reject any authority that would usurp the voices of those wanting to bring positive change to their student body by discussing topics that need to be brought to the forefront.

STOP RAPE CULTURE

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Making Fukushima Small

The N Reactor at the Hanford site, along the Columbia River. The twin KE and KW reactors can be seen in the immediate background, with the B Reactor in the distance. Photo by United States Department of Energy (Image N1D0069267.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

The N Reactor at the Hanford site, along the Columbia River. The twin KE and KW reactors can be seen in the immediate background, with the B Reactor in the distance. Photo by United States Department of Energy (Image N1D0069267.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

When the word “Fukushima” is spoken, the reaction is visible. People were horrified as the huge facility succumbed to Mother Nature through earthquake and tsunami aftermaths, destroying Japan’s pride of their nuclear energy program. Despite all the planning and innovation, we were shown how insignificant mankind’s attempts to become supreme over nature truly are.

So it should come as no surprise that the most contaminated site in the United States and possibly on the planet continues to threaten the safety and security of our nation, while Washington DC ignores the problem and federal agencies work overtime of cover-up rather than clean-up.

Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington state is home to our largest nuclear waste facility. It was the facility that produced the plutonium used at the Los Alamos site to manufacture the atomic weapons tested at Trinity and later dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan.

Image by  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Public Domain)

Image by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Public Domain)

By 1963, the Hanford Site was home to nine nuclear reactors along the Columbia River, five reprocessing plants on the central plateau, and more than 900 support buildings and radiological laboratories around the site. Extensive modifications and upgrades were made to the original three World War II reactors, and a total of 177 underground waste tanks were built. Hanford was at its peak production from 1956 to 1965. The site was fully decommissioned, meaning it no longer produced nuclear energy, in 1987.

The Hanford site currently stores 53 million gallons of high-level radioactive waste, an additional 25 million cubic feet of solid radioactive waste, 200 square miles of contaminated groundwater beneath the site and occasional discoveries of undocumented contaminations that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup.

Warning sign at entry to Hanford Site, Washington. Photo by Tobin Fricke via Wikimedia Commons

Warning sign at entry to Hanford Site, Washington. Photo by Tobin Fricke via Wikimedia Commons

When it was constructed, there were single walled storage tanks that were designed to store the nuclear waste for 20 years, with the expectation that science would develop a means to deal with the waste. That didn’t happen.

This is the surface of waste found in double-shell tank 101-SY at the Hanford Site in eastern Washington State. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and others are working to remediate this waste. The appearance and chemical mixture in each Hanford Site waste tank depends on how the waste was generated and later waste management practices such as liquid evaporation, radionuclide removal, and waste mixing between tanks. The steel pipe was bent during past waste movement during a gas release ("burp"). April 1989 Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

This is the surface of waste found in double-shell tank 101-SY at the Hanford Site. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and others are working to remediate this waste. The appearance and chemical mixture in each Hanford Site waste tank depends on how the waste was generated and later waste management practices such as liquid evaporation, radionuclide removal, and waste mixing between tanks. The steel pipe was bent during past waste movement during a gas release (“burp”). April 1989 Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

In 1986, over 19,000 pages were released by the Department of Energy. A mass tort lawsuit brought by two thousand Hanford downwinders against the federal government has been in the court system for many years. The first six plaintiffs went to trial in 2005, in a bellwether trial to test the legal issues applying to the remaining plaintiffs in the suit. The case remains unresolved and centers on the radiation that was found in the air from the facility.

A legal challenge for downstreamers has not been made public, so we do not have knowledge of any pending suits filed on behalf of these people.

Why is this news today? The Department of Energy, together with other agencies, has demonstrated a track record for ignoring, denying and delaying the clean-up of Hanford. Radiation plumes have been identified under the facility which show movement toward the Columbia River, with hundreds of thousands of “downstreamers” in the danger path. Like the coal ash spills in North Carolina, “downstreamers” are people affected as a pollutant or contaminant to a water system moves through that area, affecting more down the stream as it proceeds.

Hanford High after abandonment. Photo by Department of Defense (Public Domain)

Hanford High after abandonment. Photo by Department of Defense (Public Domain)

To date, two people who attempted to do the right thing by making citizens aware of the government’s failure to address this particular site have been fired. They apparently do not meet the criteria for whistleblowers laws, as they are reporting on federal activities.

Also unresolved is how exactly this site will be dealt with. Just two days prior to the most recent discovery of leaks in the double walled tanks that are supposed to be “safer” than their much older counterparts on March 6, 2014, the Obama Administration proposed cutting millions from the cleanup budget for the Hanford site. Additionally, most corporate news agencies do not have interest in running this “old” story when they would rather talk about governors and bridge scandals and the re-writing of children’s stories to excuse the political ineptness of prominent public figures.

For further reading:
The mess gets worse at Hanford’s nuclear site
Leak in massive Hanford nuclear waste tank getting worse
Nuclear waste leaking at Hanford site in Washington, again
Possible New Leak at Hanford Nuclear Waste Site
Whistle-Blower Who Raised Safety Concerns At Hanford Nuclear Reservation Fired
Tamosaitis, Hanford Site Whistleblower: ‘I Was Fired Because I Raised Nuclear Safety Issues’

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